Backwards+Design+Process

=According to Wiggins & McTighe (2001), the backwards design process involves planning in 3 stages. The stages are as follows:=

Stage 1 - Identify desired results.

 * Filter 1: "What should students know, understand and be able to do?" (Wiggins & McTighe, p. 10).
 * Filter 2: "To what extent does the idea, topic, or process represent a "big idea" having enduring value beyond the classroom?" (Wiggins & McTighe, p. 11).
 * Filter 3: "To what extent does the idea, topic, or process require uncoverage?" (Wiggins & McTighe, p. 11).
 * Filter 4: "To what extent does the idea, topic, or process offer potential for engaging students?" (Wiggins & McTighe, p. 11).

Stage 2 - Determine acceptable evidence.

 * How do we know if students have achieved desired results and outcomes? (Wiggins & McTighe, p. 12).

Stage 3 - Plan learning experiences and instruction.

 * What learning experiences and teaching promote understanding, interest and excellence?
 * "What enabling knowledge (facts, concepts, and principles) and skills (procedures) will students need to perform effectively and achieve desired results?" (Wiggins & McTighe, p. 13).
 * "What activities will equip students with the needed knowledge and skills?" (Wiggins & McTighe, p. 13).
 * "What will need to be taught and coached, and how should it best be taught, in light of performance goals?" (Wiggins & McTighe, p. 13).
 * "What materials and resources are best suited to accomplish these goals?" (Wiggins & McTighe, p. 13).